Unit 1: Gen Alpha
These vocabulary words and expressions focus on the digital world, technology, and the characteristics of Generation Alpha.
Key Vocabulary
Main Vocabulary
Important Expressions & Prepositions
| Word | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|
| Creative (مبدع) | Imaginative / Original | Uncreative (غير مبدع) |
| Connect (يتصل) | Join / Link | Disconnect (يفصل) |
| Modern (حديث) | New / Current | Old / Traditional (قديم / تقليدي) |
| Encourage (يشجع) | Support / Motivate | Discourage (يثبط / يحبط) |
| Online (متصل بالإنترنت) | Connected | Offline (غير متصل بالإنترنت) |
| Explore (يستكشف) | Investigate / Examine | Ignore (يتجاهل) |
| Discover (يكتشف) | Find / Reveal | Hide (يخفي) |
| Grow up (يكبر) | Mature / Develop | Shrink / Diminish (يتقلص / يضمحل) |
| Balance (توازن) | Equilibrium / Stability | Imbalance / Disequilibrium (اختلال توازن) |
| Powerful (قوي) | Strong / Influential | Weak / Powerless (ضعيف / عاجز) |
| Positive (إيجابي) | Good / Constructive | Negative / Bad (سلبي / سيء) |
| Wisely (بحكمة) | Smartly / Intelligently | Foolishly / Carelessly (بغباء / بإهمال) |
The Present Continuous Tense (زمن المضارع المستمر)
Used to describe:
- Actions happening now, at the moment of speaking.
- Temporary actions happening for a limited period.
- Definite future arrangements.
Formation:
Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing
Interrogative:
Yes/No question: Am/Is/Are + Subject + verb-ing?
Wh-question: Question word + am/is/are + Subject + verb-ing?
Notes on adding "-ing":
- If the verb ends with a silent "-e", drop the "-e" before adding "-ing": come → coming.
- If the verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, double the last consonant: swim → swimming.
- If the verb ends with two vowels followed by a consonant, do not double the last consonant: wait → waiting.
- If the verb ends with "-ie", change it to "y" then add "-ing": lie → lying.
Time expressions: now, right now, at the moment, at present, tonight, tomorrow, next, today, this week.
Unit 2: My Digital Footprint
This unit focuses on online privacy, security, and understanding the concept of a digital footprint.
Key Vocabulary
Main Vocabulary
Important Expressions & Prepositions
| Word | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|
| Secure (آمن) | Safe / Protected | Insecure / Unsafe (غير آمن) |
| Strong (قوي) | Powerful | Weak (ضعيف) |
| Careful (حذر) | Cautious | Careless (مهمل) |
| Private (خاص) | Personal / Confidential | Public (عام) |
| Remove (يزيل) | Delete / Erase | Add / Keep (يضيف / يبقى) |
| Active (نشط) | Energetic / Lively | Passive / Inactive (غير نشيط / سلبي) |
| Unsafe (غير آمن) | Dangerous / Risky | Safe / Secure (آمن) |
| Forever (للأبد) | Always / Eternally | Never / Temporarily (مؤقتاً) |
| Kind (لطيف) | Nice / Friendly | Unkind (غير لطيف) |
| Smart (ذكي) | Intelligent / Clever | Stupid (غبي) |
| Trace (أثر) | Mark / Sign | Loss / Disappearance (فقد / اختفاء) |
| Trusted (موثوق به) | Reliable / Dependable | Untrusted / Unreliable (غير موثوق به) |
| Adult (بالغ) | Mature / Grown-up | Child / Kid (طفل) |
| Simple (بسيط) | Easy | Complex / Difficult (معقد / صعب) |
| Agree (يوافق) | Accept | Disagree / Refuse (لا يوافق / يرفض) |
| Permanent (دائم) | Lasting / Forever | Temporary (مؤقت) |
The Present Simple: Active & Passive (زمن المضارع البسيط في صيغة المبنى للمعلوم والمبني للمجهول)
Active Voice (المبني للمعلوم):
Focuses on the subject - who does the action.
Formation:
I / You / We / They / Plural noun: Verb (base form)
He / She / It / Singular noun: Verb + -s/-es/-ies
Negative:
I / You / We / They / Plural noun: don't + Verb
He / She / It / Singular noun: doesn't + Verb
Question:
Yes/No Question: Do/Does + Subject + Verb?
Wh-Question: Question Word + do/does + Subject + Verb?
Passive Voice (المبني للمجهول):
Focuses on the action itself, or the object that receives the action.
Formation:
Object + am/is/are + Past Participle (p.p.) ... (by + Doer)
Negative: Object + am/is/are + not + Past Participle (p.p.) ... (by + Doer)
Question:
Yes/No Question: Am/Is/Are + Object + Past Participle (p.p.) ...?
Wh-Question: Question Word + am/is/are + Object + Past Participle (p.p.) ...?
Modal Passive (الأفعال الناقصة في المبني للمجهول):
Object + Modal + be + Past Participle (p.p.) ...
Unit 3: Facing Challenges
This unit is about overcoming obstacles, building courage, and dealing with difficult situations in life.
Key Vocabulary
Main Vocabulary
Important Expressions & Prepositions
| Word | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|
| Courage (شجاعة) | Bravery | Fear (خوف) |
| Difficult (صعب) | Hard | Easy (سهل) |
| Proud (فخور) | Pleased / Satisfied | Ashamed (خجلان) |
| Strong (قوي) | Powerful | Weak (ضعيف) |
| Challenge (تحدي) | Difficulty | Simplicity (سهولة) |
| Keep going (يستمر) | Continue / Carry on | Stop (يتوقف) |
| Busy (مزدحم) | Crowded | Empty (فارغ) |
| Stressed (متوتر) | Worried / Anxious | Relaxed (مسترخي) |
| Solution (حل) | Answer | Problem (مشكلة) |
| Blocked (مغلق) | Closed | Open / Free (مفتوح / غير مزدحم) |
| Reduce (يقلل) | Decrease | Raise / Increase (يزيد / يرفع) |
| Nervous (متوتر) | Anxious / Worried | Calm / Relaxed / Confident (هادئ / واثق) |
| Give up (يستسلم) | Quit / Surrender | Continue / Keep going (يستمر / يثابر) |
| Upset (منزعج) | Sad / Unhappy | Pleased / Happy (مسرور / سعيد) |
| Glad (سعيد) | Pleased | Upset / Sad (حزين) |
| Honest (صادق) | Truthful / Sincere | Dishonest / Deceptive (غير صادق / مخادع) |
| Inspire (يلهم) | Motivate / Encourage | Discourage / Dishearten (يثبط / يحبط) |
| Manage (يدير) | Run / Control | Neglect / Leave (يهمل / يترك) |
| Victory (انتصار) | Success | Loss / Failure (خسارة / فشل) |
| Impressive (مبهر) | Amazing / Remarkable | Unimpressive / Ordinary (غير مبهر / عادي) |
The Past Simple Tense (زمن الماضي البسيط)
Usage:
Used to describe actions that started and finished in the past.
Keywords: yesterday, last, ...ago, in the past, in + past year.
Formation:
Affirmative: Subject + Past form of the verb
Regular verbs: Add -ed/-d/-ied to the base form.
Irregular verbs: Memorized forms.
Negative: Subject + didn't + base form of the verb
Interrogative:
Yes/No Question: Did + Subject + base form of the verb?
Wh-Question: Question word + did + Subject + base form of the verb?
The Past Continuous Tense (زمن الماضي المستمر)
Usage:
- An action that was in progress at a specific time in the past.
- An action that was in progress when another (shorter) action interrupted it.
- Two actions in progress at the same time.
Formation:
Affirmative: Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Negative: Subject + wasn't/weren't + verb-ing
Interrogative:
Yes/No Question: Was/Were + Subject + verb-ing?
Wh-Question: Question word + was/were + Subject + verb-ing?
Linking Past Simple and Past Continuous:
When: When + Past Simple, Past Continuous
While / As / Just as: While + Past Continuous, Past Simple
Unit 4: Art and Expression
This unit explores the world of art, creativity, and how people express themselves through different artistic mediums.
Key Vocabulary
Main Vocabulary
Important Expressions & Prepositions
| Word | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|
| Valuable (قيم) | Precious / Important | Worthless (عديم القيمة) |
| Original (أصلي) | Real | Copy / Fake (نسخة / مزيف) |
| Hidden (مخفي) | Unseen | Visible / Obvious (مرئي / واضح) |
| Shiny (لامع) | Bright | Dull (باهت) |
| Essential (ضروري) | Important | Needless (غير ضروري) |
| Incredible (رائع) | Amazing / Wonderful | Common / Normal (عادي / طبيعي) |
| Lively (مليء بالحيوية) | Active / Energetic | Inactive (غير نشيط) |
| Famous (مشهور) | Well-known | Unknown (غير معروف) |
| Modern (حديث) | Contemporary / New | Ancient / Old (قديم / عتيق) |
| Promote (يدعم) | Support / Encourage | Oppose (يعارض) |
| Public (عام) | Common / General | Private (خاص) |
| Amazing (مذهل) | Wonderful | Ordinary (عادي) |
| Glad (سعيد) | Pleased | Upset / Sad (حزين) |
| Powerful (قوي) | Strong | Weak (ضعيف) |
| Beautiful (جميل) | Lovely / Attractive | Ugly (قبيح) |
| Rich (غني) | Wealthy | Poor / Needy (فقير) |
| Succeed (ينجح) | Pass | Fail (يرسب / يفشل) |
| Impressive (مبهر) | Amazing / Remarkable | Unimpressive / Ordinary (غير مبهر / عادي) |
Connectors (الروابط)
Showing reason:
Because (لأن / بسبب):
Showing result:
So (لذلك):
Showing contrast:
But (ولكن):
Although (على الرغم من):
Unit 5: Around the World
This unit takes us on a journey around the world, exploring different cultures, landmarks, and traditions.
Key Vocabulary
Main Vocabulary
Important Expressions & Prepositions
| Word | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|
| Organized (منظم) | Tidy / Orderly | Disorganized / Messy (غير منظم / فوضوي) |
| Polite (مهذب) | Respectful | Impolite / Rude (غير مهذب / وقح) |
| Impressive (مبهر) | Amazing | Unimpressive / Ordinary (غير مبهر / عادي) |
| Ancient (عتيق) | Old / Historic | Modern (حديث) |
| Quiet (هادئ) | Calm / Peaceful | Noisy / Loud (صاخب / عالي) |
| Rich (غني) | Wealthy | Poor / Needy (فقير) |
| Unforgettable (لا يُنسى) | Memorable / Remarkable | Usual / Forgettable (عادي / سهل النسيان) |
| Lazy (كسول) | Inactive | Energetic / Active (نشيط) |
| Mysterious (غامض) | Unknown / Obscure | Clear / Apparent (واضح) |
| Awesome (رائع) | Amazing / Wonderful | Terrible / Awful (فظيع / سيء) |
| Famous (مشهور) | Well-known | Unknown (غير معروف) |
| Huge (ضخم) | Enormous | Tiny (صغير / ضئيل) |
| Incredible (مذهل) | Unbelievable / Amazing | Believable (يمكن تصديقه / مقبول) |
| Beautiful (جميل) | Pretty / Lovely | Ugly (قبيح) |
| Happy (سعيد) | Glad | Sad (حزين) |
Comparatives & Superlatives (المقارنات والتفضيلات)
Short Adjectives:
Comparative: adj. + er + than
Superlative: the + adj. + est
Long Adjectives:
Comparative: more / less + adj. + than
Superlative: the most / the least + adj.
Irregular Comparatives & Superlatives:
| Adjective (الصفة) | Comparative (المقارنة) | Superlative (التفضيل) |
|---|---|---|
| Bad (سيئ) | Worse than (أسوأ من) | The worst (الأسوأ) |
| Far (بعيد) | Farther than / Further than (أبعد من) | The farthest / The furthest (الأبعد) |
| Good (جيد) | Better than (أفضل من) | The best (الأفضل) |
| Little (قليل - كمية) | Less than (أقل من) | The least (الأقل) |
| Many / Much (كثير - عدد/كمية) | More than (أكثر من) | The most (الأكثر) |
Unit 6: Young Innovators
This unit celebrates young innovators and inventors, highlighting their achievements and the importance of creativity and perseverance.
Key Vocabulary
Main Vocabulary
Important Expressions & Prepositions
| Word | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|
| Complex (معقد) | Complicated | Simple (بسيط) |
| Impact (تأثير) | Effect / Influence | Cause (سبب) |
| Win (يفوز) | Gain | Lose (يخسر) |
| Real (حقيقي) | True | Fake / False (زائف / مزيف) |
| Useful (مفيد) | Beneficial / Helpful | Useless (بدون فائدة) |
| Modern (حديث) | New / Current | Old / Ancient (قديم) |
| Interest (اهتمام) | Concern | Disinterest (عدم اهتمام) |
| Give up (يستسلم) | Stop / Quit | Keep going (يواصل) |
| Manage (يدير) | Run / Control | Neglect / Leave (يهمل / يترك) |
| Victory (انتصار) | Success | Loss / Failure (خسارة / فشل) |
| Impressive (مبهر) | Amazing / Remarkable | Unimpressive (غير مبهر) |
| Chief (رئيسي) | Head / Senior | Junior (مبتدئ) |
| Famous (مشهور) | Well-known | Unknown (غير معروف) |
| Largest (الأكبر) | Biggest | Smallest (الأصغر) |
| Support (يدعم) | Help / Encourage | Oppose (يعارض) |
| Simple (بسيط) | Easy | Complex / Difficult (معقد / صعب) |
| Permanent (دائم) | Lasting / Forever | Temporary (مؤقت) |
| Scary (مخيف) | Frightening | Safe (آمن) |
The First Conditional Clause with "If" (الحالة الشرطية الأولى لـ "If")
Usage:
To talk about real or possible situations in the future.
Formation:
If + subject + present simple, subject + will / won't + infinitive.
Note: When "if" is in the middle, no comma is needed.
The Second Conditional with would, might or could (الحالة الشرطية الثانية لـ "If")
Usage:
To talk about unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future. Also used for giving advice.
Formation:
If + subject + past simple, subject + would / wouldn't / might / might not / could / couldn't + infinitive.
Note: For giving advice, use "If I were you, I would..."
Units Summary
This table provides a summary of the main topics and grammar points covered in each unit.
| Unit | Topic | Main Grammar Points |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gen Alpha | Present Continuous |
| 2 | My Digital Footprint | Present Simple (Active & Passive) |
| 3 | Facing Challenges | Past Simple & Past Continuous |
| 4 | Art and Expression | Connectors (because, so, but, although) |
| 5 | Around the World | Comparatives & Superlatives |
| 6 | Young Innovators | First & Second Conditional |
Study Tips
Here are some tips to help you study and review effectively for your exams.
Review Strategies
- Learn vocabulary in context.
- Practice sentence transformation using grammar rules.
- Read texts aloud to improve pronunciation.
- Use mind maps to organize information.
Exam Tips
- Allocate enough time for each question.
- Review your answers before submitting.
- Understand the questions well before answering.
- Check the word count in writing tasks.