ملخص قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية

التكوين:
Subject + have/has + Past Participle
مثال: I have finished my homework.

النفي:
Subject + haven't/hasn't + Past Participle
مثال: She hasn't visited Paris yet.

السؤال:
Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle?
مثال: Have you seen this movie?

المبني للمجهول:
Object + have/has been + Past Participle
مثال: The work has been completed.

have/has been to vs gone to been to = ذهب وعاد، gone to = ذهب ولم يعد بعد
• been to: ذهب إلى مكان وعاد منه
• gone to: ذهب إلى مكان وما زال هناك

الكلمات الدالة:
already yet just ever never since for recently lately

الاستخدام:
للتعبير عن مواقف افتراضية في الماضي (للندم أو اللوم)

التكوين:
If + Past Perfect, Subject + would have + Past Participle
مثال: If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

النفي:
If + hadn't + Past Participle, Subject + wouldn't have + Past Participle
مثال: If she hadn't been late, she wouldn't have missed the train.

بدائل أخرى:
يمكن استخدام might have أو could have بدلاً من would have

التكوين:
Subject + will + infinitive (without to)
مثال: I will visit my grandparents tomorrow.

النفي:
Subject + won't + infinitive
مثال: She won't come to the party.

السؤال:
Will + Subject + infinitive?
مثال: Will you help me with this?

المبني للمجهول:
Object + will be + Past Participle
مثال: The work will be completed tomorrow.

الاستخدامات:
• قرارات سريعة • وعود • تنبؤات • حقائق مستقبلية • عروض • طلبات

should/shouldn't:
should + infinitive للنصيحة والاقتراح
مثال: You should study more. / You shouldn't eat too much.

can/can't:
can + infinitive للقدرة والإمكانية والسماح
مثال: I can speak English. / You can't park here.

must/mustn't:
must + infinitive للإلزام والضرورة والمنع
مثال: You must wear a helmet. / You mustn't smoke here.

have to/don't have to:
have to + infinitive للإلزام الخارجي
مثال: I have to go now. / You don't have to come.

may/might:
may/might + infinitive للاحتمال والسماح
مثال: It may rain tomorrow. / May I come in?

الأمر المثبت:
Verb (base form)
مثال: Open the door. / Sit down. / Be careful.

الأمر المنفي:
Don't + Verb (base form)
مثال: Don't touch that. / Don't be late. / Don't worry.

الأمر المهذب:
Please + Verb أو Verb + please
مثال: Please help me. / Close the door, please.

Let's للاقتراح:
Let's + Verb
مثال: Let's go to the cinema. / Let's not waste time.

التعريف:
نقل كلام شخص آخر بصيغة غير مباشرة مع تغيير الأزمنة والضمائر

أفعال القول:
said (بدون مفعول) أو told + object
مثال: He said that... / He told me that...

تغيير الأزمنة:
• Present → Past
• Past → Past Perfect
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect
• Will → Would
• Can → Could

تغيير الضمائر والظروف:
• I/me → he/she/him/her
• today → that day
• tomorrow → the next day
• yesterday → the day before
• this → that
• here → there