Unit 12
University Life
Unit 12 الحياة الجامعية (University Life)
المفردات (Vocabulary)
| English | العربية | English | العربية |
|---|---|---|---|
| academic | أكاديمي | semester | فصل دراسي |
| assignment | مهمة / واجب | seminar | ندوة |
| attendance | حضور | student | طالب |
| campus | حرم جامعي | study | يدرس |
| certificate | شهادة | subject | موضوع / مادة |
| college | كلية | syllabus | منهج دراسي |
| course | مادة دراسية / دورة | term | فصل دراسي |
| deadline | موعد نهائي | thesis | رسالة علمية |
| degree | درجة علمية | tuition | تعليم / رسوم دراسية |
| department | قسم | university | جامعة |
| diploma | دبلوم | vocational | مهني |
| discipline | انضباط / مجال دراسي | workshop | ورشة عمل |
| education | تعليم | admission | قبول |
| enroll | يسجل | alumni | خريجون |
| enrollment | تسجيل | assessment | تقييم |
| exam | امتحان | bachelor | بكالوريوس |
| faculty | كلية / هيئة تدريس | curriculum | منهج |
| fees | رسوم | doctorate | دكتوراه |
| graduate | يتخرج / خريج | internship | تدريب عملي |
| graduation | تخرج | laboratory | معمل |
| instructor | مدرب / محاضر | master | ماجستير |
| knowledge | معرفة | orientation | توجيه |
| lecture | محاضرة | placement | تنسيق / وضع |
| lecturer | محاضر | postgraduate | دراسات عليا |
| library | مكتبة | professor | أستاذ جامعي |
| major | تخصص | scholar | عالم / باحث |
| qualification | مؤهل | specialization | تخصص |
| registration | تسجيل | transcript | سجل أكاديمي |
| research | بحث | undergraduate | طالب جامعي |
| scholarship | منحة دراسية |
المشتقات (Derivatives)
| Word / Derivative | الترجمة (Translation) | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 👥 counselor | ||
| counsel (v) | يُرشد - ينصح | The teacher counseled the students to study hard. |
| counsel (n) | محامٍ - مستشار | The judge asked for a counsel to the suspect. |
| counselor (n) | مرشد - مستشار | The educational counselor helped Aya choose a university. |
| 🌍 culture | ||
| culture (n) | ثقافة | Egypt has a rich culture. |
| cultural (adj) | ثقافي | Students joined a cultural exchange program. |
| culturally (adv) | ثقافياً | The two countries are culturally close. |
| 🦅 independent | ||
| independent (adj) | مستقل | Omar became independent from his parents after marriage. |
| independently (adv) | بشكل مستقل | Leen works independently on her project. |
| independence (n) | استقلال | Gaining financial independence is important. |
| ✨ inspiring | ||
| inspire (v) | يُلهم | Dr. Magdi Yacoub inspires many young doctors. |
| inspiring (adj) | ملهم | Her speech was inspiring and powerful. |
| inspired (adj) | مستلهم - مُلهَم | Artists felt inspired by nature. |
| inspiration (n) | مصدر إلهام | My mother is a source of inspiration to me. |
| 🎭 rehearsal | ||
| rehearse (v) | يتدرب - يمارس | Actors rehearse their lines well. |
| rehearsal (n) | بروفة - تدريب | The final rehearsal was promising. |
| ⭐ reputation | ||
| reputation (n) | سمعة | The university has a good reputation. |
| reputed (adj) | مشهور بـ - ذو سمعة | She works for a reputed law firm. |
| 😨 terrified | ||
| terrify (v) | يرعب - يخيف | The storm terrified the children. |
| terrified (adj) | مرعوب - خائف | I felt sorry for the terrified child. |
| terrifying (adj) | مرعب - مفزع | It was a terrifying experience. |
| terror (n) | رعب - فزع | She screamed in terror during the earthquake. |
| ⚖️ ethics | ||
| ethics (n) | أخلاق - قيم | He studied ethics at university. |
| ethical (adj) | أخلاقي | We must make ethical choices. |
| unethical (adj) | غير أخلاقي | Cheating is unethical behavior. |
| ethically (adv) | بأخلاقية | The company acts ethically. |
| ethic (n) | مبدأ أخلاقي | He follows a strong ethic of work. |
| 📜 hieroglyphics | ||
| hieroglyphics (n) | كتابة هيروغليفية | We saw hieroglyphics in the museum. |
| hieroglyphic (adj) | هيروغليفي | There are hieroglyphic inscriptions in temples. |
| hieroglyph (n) | رمز هيروغليفي | Each hieroglyph has a meaning. |
| 🛬 land | ||
| land (v) | يحصل على (وظيفة) - يهبط | Aya hopes to land a job soon. |
| landing (n) | الحصول على (وظيفة) - هبوط | Her landing at that company was quick. |
| ❤️ passion | ||
| passion (n) | شغف | He has a passion for music. |
| passionate (adj) | شغوف - متحمس | She is a passionate student. |
| passionately (adv) | بشغف - بحماس | He spoke passionately about his dreams. |
| dispassionate (adj) | غير متحيز - موضوعي | A judge must be dispassionate. |
| impassioned (adj) | متحمس - شغوف | He gave an impassioned speech. |
| 🤔 philosophy | ||
| philosophy (n) | فلسفة | She studies philosophy at college. |
| philosopher (n) | فيلسوف | A philosopher asks deep questions. |
| philosophical (adj) | فلسفي | They had a philosophical discussion. |
| philosophically (adv) | بشكل فلسفي | He responded philosophically to failure. |
| 🔧 practical | ||
| practical (adj) | عملي | It was a practical idea. |
| practicable (adj) | قابل للتطبيق | The plan is not practicable now. |
| practicality (n) | عملية - واقعية | We admired the practicality of the design. |
| practically (adv) | عملياً - بشكل عملي | He solved it practically. |
| practice (v) | يمارس | Doctors practice medicine daily. |
| practitioner (n) | ممارس | Practitioners use what he learns. |
| 🧠 psychological | ||
| psychological (adj) | نفسي | Stress has psychological effects. |
| psychologist (n) | طبيب نفسي | A psychologist helps patients. |
| psychoanalysis (n) | تحليل نفسي | They studied psychoanalysis this term. |
| 📱 scroll | ||
| scroll (v) | يُمرر الشاشة - يتصفح | She scrolled through the photos. |
| scrolling (n) | تصفح - تمرير | Too much scrolling is tiring. |
| scrollable (adj) | قابل للتمرير | The page is scrollable. |
| scroller (n) | مستخدم يتصفح | Every scroller needs a break. |
المتلازمات اللفظية (Verbal Collocations)
| English Collocation | الترجمة (Translation) | English Collocation | الترجمة (Translation) |
|---|---|---|---|
| begin/start a career | يبدأ مهنة | give a speech | يُلقي خطاباً |
| cover ethical sides | يُغطي الجوانب الأخلاقية | go deeper | يتعمق |
| cover topics | يُغطي موضوعات | make a list | يضع قائمة |
| do/get a degree | يحصل على درجة جامعية | share a passion | لديه نفس الشغف / يشارك الشغف |
| feel/get jealous | يشعر بالغيرة | spend time | يقضي وقتاً |
| get experience | يكتسب خبرة | take notes | يدوّن ملاحظات |
المرادفات والمتضادات (Synonyms & Antonyms)
| Word | Synonym (= Meaning) | Antonym (= Opposite) |
|---|---|---|
| 🌬️ breeze | ||
| breeze (n) | نسيم - gentle wind, light air | --- |
| breezy (adj) | ذو نسيم - windy, fresh | --- |
| 😊 cheerful | ||
| cheerful (adj) | مبتهج - happy, joyful, upbeat | gloomy, sad, miserable |
| cheerfully (adv) | بابتهاج - happily, joyfully | sadly, gloomily |
| cheerfulness (n) | الابتهاج - happiness, joy | sadness, gloom |
| ⚖️ ethical | ||
| ethical (adj) | أخلاقي - moral, virtuous, righteous, honest | unethical, immoral |
| land a job (v) | يحصل على وظيفة - get employed, find work, secure a position, be hired | lose a job, be fired |
| passion (n) | شغف - enthusiasm, desire, devotion | apathy, indifference |
| philosophical (adj) | فلسفي - thoughtful, reflective, logical, rational | shallow, irrational |
| practical (adj) | عملي - realistic, functional, pragmatic | impractical, theoretical |
| scroll (v) | يُمرر الشاشة - browse, move, swipe | --- |
| apprenticeship (n) | تدريب مهني - training, internship, practical course | --- |
| awareness (n) | وعي - understanding, perception | ignorance, unawareness |
| career (n) | مهنة - profession, occupation, vocation | --- |
| counselor (n) | مستشار - adviser, guide, mentor, consultant | misleader, deceiver, opponent |
| independence (n) | استقلال - freedom, autonomy, self-reliance | dependence, reliance, weakness |
| inspiring (adj) | ملهم - motivating, encouraging, uplifting | discouraging, depressing, uninspiring |
| reputation (n) | سمعة - fame, character, credit | disgrace, shame, dishonor |
| terrified (adj) | مرعوب - scared, frightened, horrified | calm, fearless, brave |
توضيح الالتباس (Clear the Confusion)
🎓 graduate from - graduate in - graduate as - a graduate of
| Structure | Example | الترجمة |
|---|---|---|
| graduate from (v) | She will graduate from Cairo University next year. | تتخرج من جامعة القاهرة العام المقبل. |
| graduate in (v) | Omar graduated in engineering. | تخرج عمر في الهندسة. |
| graduate as (v) | Reem graduated as a doctor. | تخرجت ريم كطبيبة. |
| a graduate of (n) | He is a graduate of the American University in Cairo. | هو خريج الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة. |
🌧️ despite / in spite of - although
| Structure | Rule | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| despite / in spite of | + noun / pronoun / -ing form | Despite the rain, we went out. In spite of being tired, she finished her work. |
| although | + subject + verb | Although it was raining, we went out. |
👥 counselor - councillor
| Word | Meaning | Example | الترجمة |
|---|---|---|---|
| counselor | مرشد / مستشار | The school counselor helped the students choose their subjects. | ساعد المرشد المدرسي الطلاب في اختيار موادهم. |
| councillor | عضو مجلس | The councillor spoke about improving public services. | تحدث عضو المجلس عن تحسين الخدمات العامة. |
📝 ملاحظة:
despite / in spite of يتبعهما اسم أو ضمير أو اسم فعل (ing-)، بينما although يتبعه جملة اسمية + فعل.
Grammar Guide (Comprehensive)
Relative Pronouns & Clauses
| Pronoun | Used For | Example |
|---|---|---|
| who | People | The girl who called me is my cousin. |
| which | Things/Animals | The laptop which I bought is fast. |
| that | People/Things | The book that I read was amazing. |
| whose | Possession | The man whose car was stolen is sad. |
| where | Places | This is the house where I grew up. |
Defining Clauses
Essential information. No commas used.
"The phone that has a broken screen is mine."
Non-Defining Clauses
Extra info. Must use commas. No "that".
"My phone, which is new, is on the table."
Comparative & Superlative
Comparative (A vs B)
- • Short: Adj + er + than (Faster than)
- • Long: More + Adj + than (More expensive than)
Superlative (The Best)
- • Short: The + Adj + est (The fastest)
- • Long: The most + Adj (The most expensive)
Intensifiers (Modifying the difference)
Use much, far, a lot for big differences, or slightly, a bit for small ones.
"A plane is much faster than a car."
Question Tags
Rule: Positive sentence → Negative tag | Negative sentence → Positive tag
Standard:
"He is happy, isn't he?"
"They didn't go, did they?"
Special Cases:
- • I am → aren't I?
- • Let's → shall we?
- • Close the door → will you?
- • Everyone is... → aren't they?
قائمة لأهم المترادفات والمضادات
جدول شامل لجميع الوحدات (7-12)
| الكلمة (Word) | المعنى بالعربية | المرادف (Synonym) | المضاد (Antonym) |
|---|---|---|---|
| rewarding | مُجزٍ/مُرضٍ | fulfilling, satisfying | hateful, wasteful, unpleasant |
| efficiency | كفاءة | productivity, effectiveness | inefficiency, wastefulness |
| sophisticated | مُعقد/مُتطور | advanced, complex | simple, humble, basic |
| mitigate | يخفف / يلطف | lessen, reduce, alleviate | aggravate, worsen, intensify |
| automated | آلي | mechanical, robotic, self-operated | manual, hand-operated, human-controlled |
| fragile | هش / ضعيف | frail, delicate, breakable | sturdy, strong, durable, robust |
| construction | بناء/تشييد | building, creation, assembly | destruction, demolishing, dismantling |
| repetitive | متكرر | monotonous, routine, recurrent | varied, different, diverse, changing |
| ignorant | جاهل | unaware, unfamiliar, uneducated | informed, knowledgeable, aware |
| pale | شاحب | light, colorless, wan, faded | bright, strong, vibrant, colorful |
| boring | ممل | dull, tedious, monotonous | lively, fun, exciting, entertaining |
| mistake | خطأ | error, blunder, fault | correctness, accuracy, success |
| glamorous | فاتن / ساحر | stylish, exciting, attractive | unattractive, dull, plain, ordinary |
| escape | يهرب | flee, run away, break free | confront, face, capture, remain |
| confluence | التقاء/تلاقٍ | meeting, junction, convergence | separation, divergence, division |
| invisible | غير مرئي | unseen, hidden, undetectable | seen, visible, apparent, obvious |
| fertile | خصب | productive, fruitful, rich | barren, poor, infertile, sterile |
| inspiring | مُلهم | motivational, moving, uplifting | uninspiring, discouraging, demotivating |
| terrified | مرعوب | frightened, frantic, panicked | calm, brave, fearless, unafraid |
| touching | مؤثر | moving, influential, emotional | unemotional, unmoving, indifferent |
| hesitatingly | بتردد | uncertainly, doubtfully, tentatively | unhesitatingly, confidently, decisively |
| unhesitatingly | دون تردد | without stopping, right away, immediately | hesitatingly, slowly, uncertainly |
| cheerful | مبتهج | happy, joyful, merry, bright | gloomy, sad, depressed, miserable |
| justice | عدل | fairness, righteousness, equity | injustice, crime, unfairness |
| triumph | انتصار | victory, achievement, success | defeat, failure, loss |
| wisdom | حكمة | good judgment, knowledge, insight | folly, ignorance, foolishness |
| hope | أمل | belief in a better future, optimism | despair, hopelessness, pessimism |
| betrayal | خيانة | deceit, treason, disloyalty | loyalty, faithfulness, allegiance |
| loyalty | ولاء | faithfulness, supportiveness, devotion | betrayal, deceit, treachery |
| promotion | ترقية | advancement, upgrade, elevation | demotion, downgrade, reduction |
| mortifying | مخزٍ/مهين | embarrassing, humiliating, shameful | honorable, dignified, respectable |
| chaos | فوضى | confusion, disorder, turmoil | order, calmness, peace, organization |
| clumsiness | خرق/رعونة | awkwardness, inelegance, ungainliness | graceful, careful, elegant, skillful |
| packed | مزدحم | very full, crowded, jam-packed | empty, sparse, vacant, deserted |
| disrupt | يعيق/يقاطع | interrupt, disturb, interfere | continue, support, facilitate, assist |