Unit 4 Summary - Third Year Secondary
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Third Year Secondary

Unit 4 Summary
Marine Life

A comprehensive summary of vocabulary, grammar, and language use — everything you need in one place.

Key & Important Vocabulary Compound Adjectives Language Use
1. Key Vocabulary (الكلمات الرئيسية)
Word Meaning
awe-inspiring (adj) مثير للإعجاب
bleach(ed) (v) يبهت / يفقد لونه
breathtaking (adj) يخطف الأنفاس
coordinated (adj) منسق — متناغم
dedicated (adj) مخلص
detect(ed) (v) يكتشف
disrupt(ed) (v) يشوش على / يقطع
diverse (adj) متنوع
entangled (adj) متشابك / عالق
erosion (n) التآكل
figuratively (adv) مجازيًّا
fragile (adj) هش / ضعيف
glowing (adj) متوهج — براق
glow-producing (adj) منتج للضوء
hatch(ed) (v) يفقس
haunting (adj) مؤثر (صعب النسيان)
hazardous (adj) خطير
in deep water (idiom) في ورطة
literally (adv) حرفيًّا
magnificent (adj) رائعة
mind-blowing (adj) مدهش — مذهل
non-invasive (adj) سطحي / ظاهري
pose(d) (v) يشكّل — يمثّل — يفرض
struggle(d) (n/v) كفاح / نضال — يكافح
thrive(d) (v) يزدهر
turn a blind eye (idiom) يتجاهل
underestimate(d) (v) يستهين بـ — يبخس قدر
vivid (adj) زاهية الألوان
2. Important Vocabulary (مفردات هامة)
Word Meaning
accidentally (adv) عن طريق الخطأ
act(ed) (v) يتصرف
admire(d) (v) يعجب بـ / يقدر
afford(ed) (v) يستطيع تحمل
alive (adj) حيّ
attract(ed) (v) يجذب
awareness (n) الوعي
ban(ned) (v) يحظر
beneath (prep) تحت
biologist (n) عالم أحياء
brilliant (adj) رائع / متألق
brightly-colored (adj) زاهي الألوان
cheerful (adj) بشوش / فرح
colorful (adj) ملون
conditions (n) ظروف
conservation (n) الحفاظ على
contrast(ed) (n/v) النقيض / يناقض
coral reef (n) الشعاب المرجانية
coral polyps (n) زوائد مرجانية
creature (n) مخلوق / كائن
crystal-clear (adj) صاف كالبلور — واضح
damage(d) (n/v) ضرر / يتلف / يدمر
dangers (n) مخاطر
destination (n) وجهة / مقصد
destructive (adj) مدمر
disturbance (n) إزعاج
drone (n) طائرة بدون طيار
eco-friendly (adj) صديق للبيئة
ecosystem (n) النظام البيئي
ensure(d) (v) يضمن
essential (adj) ضروري
fictional (adj) خيالي
frightened (adj) خائف جدًا / مرعوب
giant (n) عملاق
graceful (adj) رشيق
habitat (n) مواطن
journey (n) رحلة
known for (adj) معروف بـ
known as (adj) معروف كـ
leap — leapt (v/n) يقفز / قفزة
legend (n) أسطورة
lifeless (adj) بلا حياة
long-distance (adj) بعيد المسافة
long-term (adj) طويل الأمد
marine (adj) بحري
massive (adj) ضخم
memorable (adj) لا يُنسى — عالق بالذهن
migratory (adj) خاص بالهجرة
organ (n) عضو
overfishing (n) الصيد الجائر
powerful (adj) قوي / ذو نفوذ
prey (n) فريسة
rainforests (n) غابات مطيرة
recover(ed) (v) يتعافى — يستفيق
reliable (adj) يعتمد عليه — موثوق
reputation (n) سمعة
role (n) دور
sense (n) حاسة
slow-moving (adj) بطيء الحركة
social (adj) اجتماعي
sonar (n) السونار
species (n) أنواع
survival (n) البقاء
thermal (adj) حراري
threat (n) تهديد
tiny (adj) صغير جدًا
tirelessly (adv) بلا كلل
track(ed) (v) يتعقب
turtles (n) سلاحف
variety (n) تشكيلة — تنوع — تعددية
vital (adj) حيوي
widespread (adj) واسع الانتشار
wise (adj) حكيم
3. Definitions (تعريفات)
Term Definition
awe-inspiring (adj) Causing a strong feeling of respect, admiration, or wonder.
bleach(ed) (v) To lose color and become pale or white, often due to damage.
breathtaking (adj) Extremely beautiful or amazing; stunning.
coordinated (adj) Arranged or organized so that all parts work together effectively.
dedicated (adj) Giving a lot of time and effort to something because you care about it.
detect(ed) (v) To discover or notice something, especially something not easy to see, hear, or smell.
disrupt(ed) (v) To interrupt or break up something, causing disorder.
diverse (adj) Very different or varied; showing a wide range.
entangled (adj) Twisted or scrambled together in a complicated way.
erosion (n) The gradual wearing away of land, often by water or wind.
figuratively (adv) In a way that uses words with a meaning different from their literal meaning.
fragile (adj) Easily broken or damaged; delicate.
glowing (adj) Shining with a steady light; showing strong positive feeling.
hatch(ed) (v) To come out from an egg; to break out from an egg.
haunting (adj) Something that stays in your mind, often in a sad or memorable way.
hazardous (adj) Dangerous or risky.
in deep water (idiom) In serious trouble or difficulty.(في ورطة / مأزق)
literally (adv) Actually true and exactly as stated; without exaggeration or metaphor.
magnificent (adj) Very impressive, beautiful, or splendid.
mind-blowing (adj) Extremely impressive, exciting, or shocking.
non-invasive (adj) Not entering the body; does not involve cuts or instruments going inside.
pose(d) (v) To present or create (a danger, threat, or challenge).
struggle(d) (v) To try very hard to do something difficult.
thrive(d) (v) To grow, develop, or be successful.
turn a blind eye (idiom) To deliberately ignore something that should be noticed or dealt with.(يتجاهل عن قصد)
underestimate(d) (v) To think something is less important or smaller than it really is.
vivid (adj) Very bright, strong, and clear in color.
4. Derivatives (مشتقات الكلمات)
Word Derivatives
bleach bleach (v): يبهت  |  bleached (adj): باهت  |  bleaching (n): تبييض  |  bleachable (adj): قابل للتبييض
breathtaking breathtaking (adj): يخطف الأنفاس  |  breathtakingly (adv): بشكل يخطف الأنفاس
dedicated dedicate (v): يُكرّس  |  dedicated (adj): مخلص  |  dedication (n): إخلاص / تفاني
disrupt disrupt (v): يشوّش  |  disruption (n): تشويش  |  disruptive (adj): مُشوّش / مزعج
diverse diverse (adj): متنوع  |  diversify (v): يُنوّع  |  diversity (n): تنوع
entangle entangle (v): يُشابك  |  entangled (adj): متشابك  |  entanglement (n): تشابك
erosion erode (v): يسبب تأكلاً  |  eroded (adj): متآكل  |  erosion (n): التآكل
fragile fragile (adj): هش  |  fragility (n): الهشاشة
haunting haunt (v): يطارد ذهنيًا  |  haunting (adj): مؤثر
hazardous hazard (n): خطر  |  hazardous (adj): خطير
magnificent magnificence (n): روعة  |  magnificent (adj): رائع
awe-inspiring awe (n): إعجاب ممزوج بالمهابة  |  inspire (v): يُلهم  |  inspiration (n): إلهام
coordinate coordinate (v): يُنسّق  |  coordinated (adj): مُنسّق  |  coordination (n): تنسيق
detect detect (v): يكتشف  |  detection (n): اكتشاف  |  detectable (adj): قابل للاكتشاف
glow glow (v): يتوهج  |  glow (n): توهج  |  glowing (adj): متوهج
hatch hatch (v): يفقس  |  hatching (n): فقس  |  hatchery (n): مفرخة
thrive thrive (v): يزدهر  |  thriving (adj): مزدهر
underestimate underestimate (v): يستهين بـ  |  underestimation (n): استهانة
vivid vivid (adj): زاهي / واضح  |  vividly (adv): بشكل واضح
5. Collocations & Expressions (متلازمات وتعبيرات)
Expression Meaning
a colourful underwater city مدينة ملونة تحت الماء
a matter of time مسألة وقت
a stitch in time saves nine الوقاية خير من العلاج
a thing of the past شيء من الماضي
as the saying goes كما يقول المثل
attract prey يجذب الفريسة
ban harmful practices / sonar يحظر الممارسات / السونار الضار
before it's too late قبل فوات الأوان
call for action يدعو إلى العمل
cause damage / coral bleaching يسبب ضررًا / بياض الشعاب المرجانية
create awareness about ينشر الوعي بشأن
disrupt communication يشوّش على التواصل
educate communities يُثقّف المجتمعات
every little action makes a difference كل تصرف صغير يحدث فرقًا
face a hard-to-survive journey يواجه رحلة صعبة النجاة
face threats يواجه تهديدات
find oneself in deep water يجد نفسه في مأزق
in contrast على النقيض
leap through the waves يقفز عبر الأمواج
play a role in يلعب دورًا في
pose a threat يشكل خطرًا
preserve biodiversity يحافظ على التنوع الحيوي
promote eco-friendly tourism يُروّج للسياحة الصديقة للبيئة
protect for future generations يحمي للأجيال القادمة
restore habitats يُرمّم المواطن الطبيعية
turn a blind eye يغض الطرف / يتجاهل
underestimate the value يقلل من قيمة
6. Verb + Preposition (فعل + حرف جر)
Verb + Prep Meaning
deal with يتعامل مع
engage in يشارك في
focus on يركز على
look after يرعى — يعتني بـ
pass on ينقل
protect from يحمي من
result in يؤدي إلى
7. Synonyms (مترادفات)
Word Synonyms
bleach whiten, fade, discolor
breathtaking / awe-inspiring stunning, spectacular, amazing, extraordinary
coordinated organized, arranged, systematic, unified
dedicated committed, devoted, loyal
detect discover, notice, observe, identify
disrupt interrupt, disturb, interfere with
diverse varied, different, assorted
entangled twisted, tangled, caught
erosion wearing away, deterioration
fragile delicate, weak, breakable
glowing radiant, shining, luminous, brilliant
haunting unforgettable, touching
hazardous dangerous, risky, unsafe
in deep water in trouble, in difficulty, in danger
magnificent glorious, splendid, grand
mind-blowing astonishing, amazing, incredible, phenomenal
non-invasive external, surface-level, non-intrusive
pose present, create
struggle fight, battle, effort
thrive prosper, flourish, succeed
turn a blind eye ignore, overlook, disregard
underestimate undervalue, underrate, belittle
vivid bright, intense, brilliant
8. Antonyms (متضادات)
Word Antonyms
bleach darken, stain, dye
breathtaking / awe-inspiring dull, ordinary, unimpressive
coordinated disorganized, chaotic, messy
dedicated uncommitted, indifferent, careless
detect miss, overlook, ignore
diverse similar, identical
entangled free, clear, untangled
erosion buildup, strengthening, growth
figuratively literally, factually, exactly
fragile strong, sturdy, durable
glowing dull, dim, faded
haunting forgettable, unimpressive
hazardous safe, secure, harmless
in deep water safe, secure, protected
magnificent awful, poor, unimpressive
mind-blowing boring, dull, tedious, ordinary
non-invasive invasive, penetrating, intrusive
struggle rest, ease, relax
thrive fail, decline, wither
turn a blind eye notice, observe, pay attention
underestimate overestimate, exaggerate, overvalue
vivid pale, faint, dull

Compound Adjectives (الصفات المركبة)
1. Starting with Numbers (تبدأ بالأرقام)
  • Number + Noun + ed:a twelve-year-old child
  • Number + Noun:a ten-day trip
  • Number + Plural Noun's (after verb 'be' or as adverb):two hours' drive
2. Starting with Adjectives (تبدأ بالصفات)
  • Adjective + Past Participle:absent-minded  |  green-eyed  |  strong-willed
  • Adjective + Present Participle (-ing):good-looking  |  long-lasting  |  easy-going
  • Adjective + Noun:last-minute  |  full-length  |  second-hand
3. Starting with Adverbs (تبدأ بالظروف)
  • Adverb + Past Participle:brightly-lit  |  well-balanced  |  well-known
  • Adverb + Present Participle (-ing):never-ending  |  forward-thinking  |  ever-lasting
4. Starting with Nouns (تبدأ بالأسماء)
  • Noun + Past Participle:sun-baked  |  heart-broken
  • Noun + Present Participle (-ing):record-breaking  |  mouth-watering  |  time-saving
  • Noun + Adjective:ice-cold  |  brand-new  |  world-famous
  • Noun + Noun:egg-box  |  hair-cream  |  teapot
⚠️ Important Notes (ملاحظات هامة)
  • A hyphen (-) is used when the compound adjective comes before the noun it describes.
  • If no noun follows the compound adjective, no hyphen is used.As a footballer, Mohammed Salah is well known.
  • No hyphen after the adverb very.
  • For time expressions with a number: use ('s) for singular and (s') for plural.in a week's time  |  in two weeks' time
  • Some compound adjectives have comparative/superlative forms.good-looking → better-looking → best-looking
Quick Reference Table
Type Structure Example
Numbers Number + Noun + ed twelve-year-old
Adjective start Adj + Past Participle absent-minded
Adjective start Adj + Present Participle good-looking
Adjective start Adj + Noun last-minute
Adverb start Adv + Past Participle well-known
Adverb start Adv + Present Participle never-ending
Noun start Noun + Past Participle sun-baked
Noun start Noun + Present Participle record-breaking
Noun start Noun + Adjective ice-cold
Noun start Noun + Noun teapot