ملخص الوحدة التاسعة انجليزي تالتة ثانوي 2026

1. Key Vocabulary — المفردات الأساسية

Term / المصطلح	المعنى	Type
black hole	ثقب أسود	noun
event horizon	أفق الحدث	noun
singularity	نقطة التفرد	noun
universe / cosmos	الكون	noun
galaxy	مجرة	noun
Milky Way	درب التبانة	noun
solar system	النظام الشمسي	noun
gravity / gravitational	جاذبية / جاذبي	noun / adj
boundary	حد (مفرد حدود)	noun
mystery	لغز / سر	noun
horizon	أفق	noun
dimension	بُعد	noun
shadow	ظل	noun
mass	كتلة	noun
dark matter	المادة المظلمة	noun
orbit	مدار	noun
cosmic	كوني	adj
compressed	مضغوط	adj
supermassive	فائق الكتلة	adj
dense / density	كثيف / كثافة	adj / noun
invisible	غير مرئي	adj
hidden	مخفي	adj
infinite	لا نهائي	adj
trapdoor	باب سري	noun
gateway	بوابة	noun
astronomer	عالم فلك	noun
theory	نظرية	noun
curiosity	فضول / حب استطلاع	noun
reputation	سمعة	noun
guardian	حارس / وصي	noun

2. Key Definitions — التعريفات الهامة

Term	المعنى	Definition (English)
black hole	ثقب أسود	An area in outer space into which everything near it, including light, is pulled.
event horizon	أفق الحدث	The invisible boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing can escape.
boundary	حد	The edge or limit of an area.
detect	يكتشف	To notice or discover something, especially something difficult to see.
escape	يهرب	To get away from something.
gateway	بوابة	A way into another place or dimension.
horizon	أفق	The line where the earth and the sky seem to meet.
invisible	غير مرئي	Something that cannot be seen.
mystery	لغز	Something that is difficult to explain or understand.
opportunity	فرصة	A chance to do something new or beneficial.
trapdoor	باب سري	A secret or hidden door.
hidden	مخفي	Difficult to see or find; concealed.

3. Important Vocabulary — مفردات مهمة

Term	المعنى	Type
alien	غريب / كائن فضائي	adj / noun
analyze	يحلل	verb
assumption	افتراض	noun
broadcast	برنامج إذاعي / يُذيع	noun / verb
calculation	حساب	noun
collapse	ينهار	verb
concept	مفهوم	noun
darkness	ظلام	noun
domain	مجال	noun
edge	حافة	noun
evolve	يتطور	verb
fascinated / fascinating	مسحور / ساحر	adj
funding	تمويل	noun
fundamental	أساسي	adj
massive	ضخم / هائل	adj
matter	مادة	noun
object	جسم / شيء	noun
prove	يثبت	verb
pull	سحب / جذب	noun / verb
squeeze	يضغط / يعصر	verb
stellar	نجمي	adj
unified	موحد	adj
cosmic vacuum cleaner	مكنسة كونية (مجاز)	noun phrase
bend-bent-bent	ينحني / ينثني	verb

4. Derivatives — المشتقات

Word	المعنى	Type	Example
BOUNDARY
boundary	حد	noun	The river forms a boundary between the two towns.
boundless	غير محدود	adj	She had boundless energy to study science.
bounded	محدد / مقيد	adj	The farm is bounded by a wooden fence.
DETECT
detect	يكتشف	verb	The scientist detected a change in the signal.
detection	كشف	noun	The new telescope helped in the detection of signals.
detective	محقق	noun	The detective asked questions about the missing jewellery.
detectable	قابل للكشف	adj	The error in the report was detectable.
ESCAPE
escape	يهرب	verb	The mouse escaped from the trap.
escape	هروب	noun	His escape from prison shocked everyone.
inescapable	لا يمكن الهروب منه	adj	This prison is inescapable.
escapism	هروب / التهرب	noun	He read books as a sort of escapism.
MYSTERY
mystify	يحير	verb	The strange idea mystified the students.
mystery	لغز	noun	The mystery of the missing keys was solved.
mysterious	غامض	adj	I heard a mysterious sound in the forest.
mysteriously	بشكل غامض	adv	The boy mysteriously disappeared.
INVISIBLE / VISIBLE
visible	مرئي	adj	The stars are visible at night.
visibly	بشكل واضح	adv	He was visibly upset after the loss.
invisible	غير مرئي	adj	The air is invisible to our eyes.
invisibility	عدم مرئية	noun	Darkness is a cause of invisibility.
HORIZON
horizon	أفق	noun	The sun set below the horizon.
horizontal	أفقي	adj	Draw a horizontal line on the paper.
HIDDEN
hide-hid-hidden	يخبئ	verb	He hid his diary under the bed.
hidden	مخفي	adj	The hidden cave was hard to find.
hideout	مخبأ	noun	The thieves ran to their hideout.
FEAR
fear	خوف	noun	She felt fear during the storm.
fearful	خائف	adj	The child was fearful of the dark.
fearless	شجاع / لا يخاف	adj	The fearless climber reached the top.
fearsome	مخيف / مرعب	adj	The dragon in the story looked fearsome.
ASTRONOMER
astronomer	عالم فلك	noun	The astronomer discovered a new planet.
astronomical	فلكي	adj	The cost of the telescope was astronomical.
astronomy	علم الفلك	noun	Astronomy helps us understand the universe.
GRAVITY
gravitate	ينجذب	verb	Planets gravitate toward stars.
gravitational	جاذبي	adj	The gravitational force keeps us on Earth.
gravity	جاذبية	noun	Gravity pulls objects toward the ground.
OPPORTUNITY
opportune	مناسب / ملائم	adj	It was an opportune moment to ask.
opportunist	انتهازي	noun	An opportunist takes advantage of any chance.
opportunity	فرصة	noun	He took the opportunity to travel abroad.
COSMOS / GALAXY / UNIVERSE / THEORY
cosmic	كوني	adj	The rocket faced a cosmic storm.
galactic	مجري	adj	Scientists study galactic movement.
universal	عالمي / شامل	adj	Science has universal laws.
theoretical	نظري	adj	This solution was only theoretical.
theoretically	نظرياً	adv	The plan could theoretically work.
REPUTATION / COMPRESS / BEND
reputable	حسن السمعة	adj	My school is reputable for its green areas.
compression	ضغط	noun	Compression of gas is important in engines.
compressible	قابل للضغط	adj	Some gases are highly compressible.
bent	منحني	adj	The pipe was bent by force.
shadowy	مظلم / خفي	adj	The forest looked shadowy at night.

5. Synonyms & Antonyms — المترادفات والمتضادات

Word	Synonym المرادف
boundary	border, limit, edge
detect	discover, notice, find
escape	flee, break free, get away
hidden	concealed, secret, invisible
mystery	enigma, puzzle, secret
opportunity	chance, possibility, opening
gateway	entrance, doorway, portal

Word	Antonym المضاد
boundary	center, core, interior
detect	miss, overlook, ignore
escape	stay, remain, surrender
hidden	visible, open, clear
invisible	visible, apparent, noticeable
mystery	clarity, explanation, solution
opportunity	misfortune, disadvantage, loss

Verb Patterns — أنماط الأفعال

1. Verbs + Infinitive (to + verb)

Use: To express future intentions, decisions, or hopes.

Common verbs: want, hope, plan, decide, agree, refuse, offer, promise, manage

Examples:

Scientists plan to study black holes more closely.
We hope to discover new galaxies in the future.
He refused to believe the theory was wrong.

2. Verbs + Gerund (verb + -ing)

Use: To talk about general activities or completed past actions.

Common verbs: enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest, practice, consider, deny, admit, miss

Examples:

He enjoys studying astronomy every night.
Scientists avoid making assumptions without evidence.
She finished reading about black holes.

3. Variable Meaning Verbs — أفعال متغيرة المعنى

REMEMBER:

remember + to-infinitive = لا تنسى أن تفعل شيئاً في المستقبلRemember to call me when you land.
remember + gerund = تتذكر شيئاً حدث في الماضيI remember visiting the observatory last year.

STOP:

stop + to-infinitive = تتوقف لتفعل شيئاً آخرWe stopped to look at the stars.
stop + gerund = تتوقف تماماً عن نشاط ماHe stopped smoking for his health.

TRY:

try + to-infinitive = تحاول أن تفعل شيئاً صعباًShe tried to understand the theory.
try + gerund = تجرب أسلوباً مختلفاً كحلTry reading about space — it might help.

4. Passive Voice Review — مراجعة المبني للمجهول

Formation: Subject + be (correct tense) + past participle (p.p.) + (by + agent)

Uses:

When the doer is unknown, unimportant, or obvious.
To focus on the action, not the performer.
In formal, scientific, and academic writing.

Tense	Passive Formation	Example
Present Simple	am/is/are + p.p.	Black holes are formed when stars collapse.
Past Simple	was/were + p.p.	The universe was created billions of years ago.
Present Continuous	am/is/are being + p.p.	New galaxies are being discovered every year.
Present Perfect	has/have been + p.p.	Many signals have been detected by telescopes.
Past Perfect	had been + p.p.	The theory had been proven before 2019.
Future Simple	will be + p.p.	More black holes will be discovered soon.

5. Comparative Adjectives — أسماء التفضيل

Use: To compare cosmic phenomena and objects.

Jupiter is larger than Earth.
A black hole is more mysterious than any planet.
The Milky Way is one of the largest galaxies known.

Commonly Confused Words — كلمات مشتبه بها

1. affect vs. effect

affect (v)

فعل

يؤثر على / يؤثر في

"The weather can affect our mood."

effect (n)

اسم

تأثير / أثر

"The new law had a positive effect on society."

تلميح: affect = verb (يؤثر) | effect = noun (تأثير)

2. boundary vs. limit vs. border

boundary

حد مجرد / نظري

يستخدم في المعرفة والعلوم

"Scientists push the boundaries of knowledge."

limit

حد كمي / زمني

يستخدم في القدرات والكميات

"There is a limit to my patience."

border

حدود جغرافية

يستخدم للدول والمناطق

"Egypt shares a border with Palestine."

3. discover vs. invent vs. find out vs. explore

discover

شيء موجود بالفعل

يكتشف كواكب / حقائق طبيعية

"Scientists discovered a new planet."

invent

شيء جديد تماماً

يخترع أدوات / تقنيات جديدة

"Edison invented the light bulb."

find out

معلومة / خبر

يعرف / يكتشف معلومة

"I found out the answer to the puzzle."

explore

مكان / منطقة

يستكشف / يستطلع

"The astronauts explored the Moon."

4. guardian vs. guard

guardian

مسؤولية أخلاقية / قانونية

وصي / حارس معنوي

"He acted as a guardian for the orphan child."

guard

حماية مادية

حارس أمن / وظيفي

"A security guard stood at the gate."

5. space vs. the space

space (uncountable)

الفضاء الخارجي

بدون "the" — يشير إلى الكون

"Stars shine in space."

the space (countable)

مساحة / حيز محدد

مع "the" — مساحة بعينها

"Move the chair to the space near the window."

6. listen for vs. listen to

listen for

انتظار صوت محدد

يستمع بحثاً عن صوت تنتظره

"Listen for the signal from the spacecraft."

listen to

استماع عام

يستمع إلى أي صوت أو حديث

"I listen to podcasts about space."

Verbal Collocations — المتلازمات اللفظية

discover mysteries

يكتشف أسراراً غامضة

escape gravity

يهرب من الجاذبية

face danger / fear

يواجه خطراً / خوفاً

find evidence

يجد دليلاً

launch a satellite

يطلق قمراً صناعياً

launch a telescope

يطلق تلسكوباً

make assumptions

يضع افتراضات

make discoveries

يحقق اكتشافات

make progress

يحقق تقدماً

pay attention

ينتبه لـ

present explanations

يُقدّم تفسيرات

shape galaxies

يشكّل المجرات

support funding

يدعم التمويل

verify facts

يتحقق من الحقائق

Verb + Preposition — فعل + حرف جر

escape from

يهرب من

listen for

يستمع بحثاً عن

listen to

يستمع إلى

look up at

ينظر إلى الأعلى

slow down

يبطئ / يهدئ

stay away from

يبقى بعيداً عن

step into

يدخل إلى

suck in

يمتص / يجذب إلى الداخل

think about / of

يفكر في / يتأمل

wonder about

يتساءل عن / يعجب من

work on

يعمل على / يشتغل بـ

Important Phrases — عبارات مهمة

at the edge of

على حافة / عند حدود

boundaries of knowledge

حدود المعرفة

doors to the unknown

أبواب المجهول

far away / far in the future

بعيداً / في المستقبل البعيد

full of mysteries

مليء بالأسرار

guardian of secrets

حارس الأسرار

hidden among the stars

مخفي بين النجوم

key to understanding

مفتاح الفهم

bend space and time

يثني الزمان والمكان

outer space

الفضاء الخارجي

celestial bodies

الأجرام السماوية

push the boundaries

يتجاوز الحدود

Scientific Metaphors — التعابير والمجازات العلمية

"Dark monsters in space"

وصف مجازي للثقوب السوداء

"Silent guardian of secrets"

حارس صامت للأسرار

"Gateway to other dimensions"

بوابة إلى أبعاد أخرى

"Cosmic vacuum cleaners"

مكانس كونية (دور الثقوب السوداء)

"The cosmos"

الكون (مرادف شاعري لـ Universe)

Advanced Vocabulary — المفردات المتقدمة

black hole (n)

An area in outer space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.

منطقة في الفضاء الخارجي ذات جاذبية شديدة لا يفلت منها شيء.

singularity (n)

The point at the center of a black hole where density becomes infinite.

النقطة في مركز الثقب الأسود حيث تصبح الكثافة لا نهائية.

gravity (n)

The force that attracts objects toward the center of the Earth or any other massive body.

القوة التي تجذب الأجسام نحو مركز الأرض أو أي جسم ضخم آخر.

astronomer (n)

A scientist who studies stars, planets, and other objects in outer space.

عالم يدرس النجوم والكواكب والأجرام الفضائية.

curiosity (n)

A strong desire to know or learn about something.

رغبة قوية في المعرفة أو التعلم.

invisible (adj)

Not able to be seen; not visible to the naked eye.

لا يمكن رؤيته؛ غير مرئي للعين المجردة.